descriptive representation pros and cons
What is a Descriptive Representative? States of democracy: A gender perspective. Equal outcomes on an individual level would have implied that each and every individual got the same bundle of goods and burdens in question. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter. Prescriptive analytics offers decision support for the best course of action to get desired results. Oxford: Polity Press. A theory of justice. These questions are all the more important given that Latinos are the single largest minority group in the country and growing at exponential rates. The Effects of Descriptive Representation on Interpersonal Relations. The analysis will stress that the deliberative function of democracy requires de-scriptive representation far more than does the aggregative function. The simplest example of this point, which is critical for an understanding of how languages function as representational systems, is the famous traffic lights example. Classic descriptive statistics include mean, min, max, standard deviation, median, skew, kurtosis. Something about the areas needed to clarify the distinctions. Accountability and political representation of national minorities: a forgotten link? Descriptive statistics are functions of the sample data that are intrinsically interesting in describing some feature of the data. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Marion Maddox, Kais Al-momani, Niki N. N. Dados, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Leda Sutlovic, Toma Deelan, Danica Fink-Hafner, Jasminka Pesut, Centre for Peace and Social Justice Papers, The Institutional and Demographic Determinants of Latino Representation in State Legislatures, Legislative Oversight and the Substantive Representation of Black and Latino Interests in Congress, Women's Legislative Representation and Gender Equality: What Works in the Absence of a'Critical Mass', Quota Laws, Representation of Women and the Role of Civil Society Organizations, The Social and Political Forces Shaping Legislator-Constituent Relations: Expanding an Empirical Theory of Representation, Political Participation of Muslims in Australia, Citizen Panels and the Concept of Representation. The procedures involved with experimental research make it possible to isolate specific variables within virtually any topic. This could mean different agents from the same brokerage or even the same agent represents multiple clients. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Equal opportunity and equal social outcome. The Oxford Handbook of the American Congress, Behavioral Approaches to the Study of Congress, Formal Approaches to the Study of Congress, Touching the Bones: Interviewing and Direct Observational Studies of Congress, Historical Approaches to the Study of Congress: Toward a Congressional Vantage on American Political Development, Campaign Finance in Congressional Elections, Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests, Theories of representation and the link between descriptive and substantive representation, Descriptive representation and the constituentrepresentative link, Descriptive representation and substantive representation of group interests, Voting behavior and representation of minority interests, Beyond voting behavior: Exploring the link between descriptive and substantive representation throughout the legislative process, Descriptive representatives and vigorous advocacy for group interests, The importance of institutional and partisan dynamics, Critical mass and institutional influence on descriptive representation, Critical mass and institutional power in congress, Leadership differences in substance and style, Congressional Institutions and Procedures, Managing Plenary Time: The U.S. Congress in Comparative Context, The Ties That Bind: Coalitions in Congress, The Development of Congressional Elections, The Development of the Congressional Committee System, Sectionalism and Congressional Development, Congress and the Executive Branch: Delegation and Presidential Dominance, The Amorphous Relationship between Congress and the Courts, Reflections on the Study of Congress 19692009, ' Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests', in George C. Edwards, Frances E. 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Of course, descriptive representation is not logically necessary to promote minority interests. Does Descriptive Representation Facilitate Women's Distinctive Voice? A main aspect of marginalization. (2012). Sound bar - Pros and Cons. Though studies argue it influences how communities are represented through constituency service, they are limited since legislators' service activities are unobserved. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London, eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Methodological essentialism, false difference, and other dangerous traps. The NWPC was formed by Bella Abzug, Gloria Steinem, Shirley Chisholm, and other leading feminists to encourage womens participation in political parties, elect women to office, and raise money for their campaigns. Although the federal government of the United States is said to strive to construct a homogeneous nation when it comes to equal rights and opportunities for its citizens in different states and cities, there have been numerous historical occurrences that demonstrate opposing aims. In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance of descriptive representation or shared identity and perceived shared experience for racial and ethnic minorities is well documented. Often, tracking down survey groups that can provide pertinent data costs a significant amount of time and money. To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Equality of opportunity. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Research Fellowship Program Other Program and Initiatives (1996). It is the land of oppression to progression, yet we still wear our scars and our heads up high. For example, if you are assembling a questionnaire, you might load the questions to direct the reader to answer a certain way. The Pros And Cons Of Using Clicker. Because it relies on such a range of different methods, it is considered a holistic approach to a subject. Google Scholar. Perhaps youve even made it yourself. In recent decades, Congress has become much more descriptively representative of the United States. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. The representation of women in Australia: Meaning and make-believe. Sloman (1985) has also argued the pros and cons of analogical representations, and has concluded that a variety of representation formalismsincluding those specialized for spatial reasoningare important to AI problem solving. Quota problems: Combating the dangers of essentialism. Struggles to expand the breadth of political and civil rights in the United States have been critical to fostering greater inclusion and equality for racial/ethnic minorities in America. In Australia, 'ethnic' generally has been used to refer to immigrants (and their offspring) from non-British origins.3 Regarding the definition of 'migrant', I will apply the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural, Under what conditions are Latinos elected to the Congress and state legislatures? Krizsan, A., Skjeie, H., & Squires, J. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. These are part of business analytics, which extract value from your business data. Quantitativist. One of the critical factors in understanding why a few blocks are preferable at controlling wrongdoing over others needs to do with open communities connections among individuals in the area. Here are the major reasons for using graphics to highlight the pros & cons: Show the pluses and minuses of specific options. Mart, J. L. (2006). Furthermore, women in the profession of politics often express a lack of interest in running for office and they are often subjected to the effect of career ceilings. 4. History shows how minorities within America have been marginalized. Since 1992, the U.S. Congress has experienced dramatic change in the demographic makeup of its membership. Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. world (descriptive representation), and the second focuses on effects of women's presence in parliament (substantive representation). Mink had been interested in fighting discrimination in education since her youth, when she opposed racial segregation in campus housing while a student at the University of Nebraska. Weldon, L. S. (2002). Market Research World: What are The Pros and Cons of Data Collection Methods? European Sociological Review, 20(1), 111. Should Congress Look Like America? 1. From Your Site Articles Because Of Modern Feminism Disney Princess Gender Roles Are . This is a lesson from the tutorial, American Congress and you are encouraged to log Goodin (2004) highlights that there is a tension between including members from different groups and subgroups on the one hand, and the practical ability to debate in the legislature thus rob them of the possibility of substantively represent their particular subgroup. Reading a hundred pages may not give any scope to make a decision. Delegation of tasks to others offers the following benefits: 1. (2001). Youve probably heard readers make that comment. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Explaining Preferences about Descriptive Representation, When politics is not just a man's game: Women's representation and political engagement, Womens Political Representation: A Review, Partisanship, Structure and Representation: The Puzzle of African American Education Politics, Falling Behind, Keeping Up, or Getting Ahead: Ethnic Candidates and the Competition for non-Western Origin Voters in the West, Levelling the playing field: Monitoring Croatian policies to promote gender equality in politics, Can Deliberative Minipublics Address the Cognitive Challenges of Democratic Citizenship, Parity/Disparity: Electoral Gender Inequality on the Tightrope of Liberal Constitutional Traditions, INTERSECTIONAL PRESENTATIONS: An Exploratory Study of Minority Congresswomen's Websites' Biographies, Ethnocultural Voting? London: Routledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The 116th Congress has been the most racially and ethnically diverse in U.S. history, with 56 Black members, 43 Hispanic members, 17 Asian members, and four Native American members. Descriptive research is a process of systematically describing and analyzing something's features, properties or characteristics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ), Has liberalism failed women? Descriptive Representation and Intergroup Relations in Comparative Perspective. Politics & Gender, 1(4), 622637. 2. Required fields are marked *. Como Hacer Suero De Leche Venezolano, I was taught to never judge someone by how they look but upon their actions. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. Cleveland State Law Review, 39(3), 269300. Since feedback is a necessary component of first-class customer service and workforce optimization . This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. The theory of the politics of presence (Phillips 1995) provides reasons for expecting a link between descriptive and substantive representation. $\endgroup . References. 1992 also saw the rise of an increased participation of women in Congress, particularly Democratic women, and this number has increased steadily over the years. Liza Hollis has been writing for print and online publications since 2003. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. In her successful 1970 congressional campaign, Bella Abzug (b) declared, This womans place is in the House the House of Representatives!. New York: Oxford University Press. And bear in mind that representatives act on behalf of groups not directly included in decision-making so we should also focus on the representation of interests (though this is much harder to do than simply counting, of course). Descriptive studies include case reports, case-series, qualitative studies and surveys (cross-sectional) studies, which measure the frequency of several factors, and hence the size of the problem. Related; Information; Close Figure Viewer. I argue that race and ethnicity matter in congressional oversight of bureaucratic policymaking. Reliance on analytical thinki ng. ), Women, politics, and change (pp. The electoral advantage of the incumbents presents a stumbling block on the advancement of new groups into the institution. Pros and Cons of different Prescriptive Analytics technologies | by AlainChabrier | IBM Data Science in Practice | Medium Write Sign up Sign In 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip- Descriptive representation should be judged primarily on this criterion.
